Here's a list of gemstones with their chemical makeup:
- Agate - SiO2
- Amber - C10H16O
- Amethyst - SiO2 with iron and manganese impurities
- Apatite - Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)
- Aquamarine - Be3Al2(SiO3)6
- Aventurine - SiO2 with inclusions of mica or hematite
- Bloodstone - SiO2 with inclusions of iron oxide
- Calcite - CaCO3
- Carnelian - SiO2 with iron oxide impurities
- Chrysocolla - Cu2SiO3(OH)2·H2O
- Chrysoprase - SiO2 with nickel impurities
- Citrine - SiO2 with iron impurities
- Clear Quartz - SiO2
- Emerald - Be3Al2(SiO3)6
- Fluorite - CaF2
- Garnet - A3B2(SiO4)3, where A can be Ca, Fe, Mn, Al, etc. and B can be Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, etc.
- Hematite - Fe2O3
- Howlite - Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5
- Iolite - (Ca,Na)2Al3(SiO4)3
- Jasper - SiO2 with various impurities
- Kyanite - Al2SiO5
- Lapis Lazuli - (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2
- Lepidolite - KLi2Al(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2
- Malachite - Cu2CO3(OH)2
- Moonstone - KAlSi3O8 with inclusions of feldspar
- Obsidian - SiO2 with various impurities
- Onyx - SiO2 with inclusions of various minerals
- Opal - SiO2·nH2O
- Peridot - (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
- Pietersite - SiO2 with inclusions of fibers of crocidolite, chrysotile, or other minerals
- Prehnite - Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
- Pyrite - FeS2
- Quartz - SiO2
- Rhodonite - MnSiO3
- Rose Quartz - SiO2
- Ruby - Al2O3 with chromium impurities
- Sapphire - Al2O3 with iron and titanium impurities
- Selenite - CaSO4·2H2O
- Smoky Quartz - SiO2 with inclusions of aluminum, iron, or other minerals
- Sodalite - Na4Al3Si3O12Cl
- Sunstone - (Na,Ca)AlSi2O6 with inclusions of hematite, goethite, or other minerals
- Tiger's Eye - SiO2 with inclusions of iron oxide and crocidolite fibers
- Topaz - Al2SiO4(F,OH)2